To‘qimachilik korxonalarining yashil iqtisodiyotga moslashuvchanligini baholash va boshqarish uslublarini takomillashtirish
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yashil iqtisodiyot, to‘qimachilik sanoati, yashil moslashuvchanlik, ishlab chiqarish salohiyati, energiya samaradorligi, suv resurslaridan foydalanish samaradorligi, sirkulyar iqtisodiyot, chiqindilarni boshqarish, yashil texnologiyalar, resurs samaradorligiAbstrak
Mazkur maqolada to‘qimachilik sanoati korxonalarining yashil iqtisodiyot sharoitlariga moslashuvchanligini baholash va boshqarishning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy yondashuvi ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi to‘qimachilik ishlab chiqarishining yuqori resurs sig‘imiga egaligi, shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda yashil transformatsiya bo‘yicha belgilangan strategik maqsadlar bilan izohlanadi. Ushbu maqsadlar 2030-yilga qadar sanoatda energiya samaradorligini kamida 20 foizga oshirish, yalpi ichki mahsulot birligiga to‘g‘ri keladigan energiya sig‘imini 30 foizga kamaytirish hamda issiqxona gazlari emissiyasi intensivligini 2010-yil darajasiga nisbatan 35 foizga qisqartirishni nazarda tutadi. Qiyosiy tahlil, ko‘rsatkichlarni normallashtirish, geometrik agregatsiyalash va boshqaruv diagnostikasi usullaridan foydalanish asosida to‘rtta asosiy yo‘nalishni - energiya samaradorligi, suv resurslaridan foydalanish samaradorligi, chiqindilarning sirkulyarligi va yashil texnologiyalarni joriy etishga tayyorlikni birlashtiruvchi Yashil moslashuvchanlik indeksi (Igreen) taklif etilgan. Mazkur indeks ekologik auditning o‘rnini bosuvchi vosita sifatida emas, balki korxona boshqaruvining diagnostik instrumenti sifatida ishlab chiqilgan. U korxona faoliyatidagi muammoli yo‘nalishlarni aniqlash, turli davrlar va korxonalar kesimida qiyosiy baholashni amalga oshirish hamda resurslarni tejashga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlarni ishlab chiqarish salohiyatini boshqarish jarayoni bilan o‘zaro bog‘lash imkonini beradi. Tadqiqot doirasida o‘lchanadigan ko‘rsatkichlar tizimi shakllantirilib, ularni chegaraviy mezonlar asosida talqin qilish usuli taklif etilgan. Shuningdek, ko‘rsatkichlarni o‘lchash, normallashtirish, indeksni hisoblash, muammoli yo‘nalishlarni aniqlash va tuzatuvchi monitoringni amalga oshirishdan iborat besh bosqichli boshqaruv sikli ishlab chiqilgan. Qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan foydalanish, suvdan takroriy foydalanish, toza ishlab chiqarish texnologiyalarini joriy etish, materiallarning aylanma oqimini shakllantirish hamda resurslar sarfini raqamli hisobga olish to‘qimachilik korxonalarining barqarorligi va raqobatbardoshligini oshirishga xizmat qilishi asoslangan. Taklif etilgan uslubiy yondashuv elektr energiyasi, yoqilg‘i, suv sarfi, chiqindilar hajmi va ularni qayta ishlash, ikkilamchi materiallardan foydalanish, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya ishlab chiqarish hamda yashil investitsiyalar hajmi to‘g‘risidagi birlamchi ma’lumotlar mavjud bo‘lgan sharoitda alohida to‘qimachilik korxonalari faoliyatini baholashda qo‘llanilishi mumkin.
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