Information technologies and systems in the economy
Keywords:
information technologies, information systems, digital economy, digitalization, digital transformation, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, e-commerce, cybersecurity, labor productivity, compound annual growth rateAbstract
This article analyzes the role of information technologies and information systems in the modern economy and their impact on production, service delivery, management, finance, trade and public administration, drawing on theoretical research and statistical data. The effects of digitalization on economic efficiency, labor productivity, information exchange, cost reduction and the quality of management decisions are examined. Studies by the World Bank, OECD, ITU, UNCTAD and IMF identify digital technologies as one of the key drivers of economic growth. Using Uzbekistan as a case study, the dynamics of the volume of information and communication services in 2020–2025 are analyzed using absolute growth, chain growth rate and compound annual growth rate (CAGR): the volume of services increased 5.0-fold, with an average annual nominal growth rate of 38.0% and a real growth rate of 24.8%. By comparing nominal and real growth rates, the influence of the price factor is assessed. An analytical model based on three factors determining the effectiveness of digitalization – technological infrastructure, human capital and the institutional environment – is proposed, and practical recommendations for the digital transformation of Uzbekistan’s economy are developed
References
World Bank. World Development Report 2021: Data for Better Lives. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2021. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–21, 67–91, 127–153.
World Bank. World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–27, 57–85, 91–116.
OECD. OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024, Volume 1: Embracing the Technology Frontier. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 15–35, 41–68, 91–116.
OECD. OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024, Volume 2: Strengthening Connectivity, Innovation and Trust. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 15–42, 63–92, 125–153.
International Telecommunication Union. Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2024. Geneva: ITU, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–8, 15–20, 29–35, 45–51.
Liu, Y., Qiang, Z. Digital Progress and Trends Report 2023. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: xvi–xxi, 1–35, 71–105, 133–166.
Kretschmer, T. Information and Communication Technologies and Productivity Growth: A Survey of the Literature. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 195. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2012. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 3–26.
UNCTAD. Digital Economy Report 2021: Cross-border Data Flows and Development: For Whom the Data Flow. Geneva: United Nations, 2021. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–15, 57–91, 94–104.
International Telecommunication Union. Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2024 — Internet Traffic. Geneva: ITU, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 45–51.
Dener, C., Johns, K. D., Nii-Aponsah, H., Blanco, C. V., Cascia, H. L., Giray, C., Hartmann, T., Kim, Y., Okahashi, A., Siregar, F., Vasconcelos, J. R. GovTech Maturity Index 2022 Update. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2022. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–17, 23–38.
UNCTAD. Digital Economy Report 2024: Shaping an Environmentally Sustainable and Inclusive Digital Future. Geneva: United Nations, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–21, 35–68, 141–174.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy statistika qo‘mitasi. Axborot va aloqa sohasidagi xizmatlar hajmi (yillik). Toshkent, 2026-yil ma’lumotlar bazasi. Foydalanilgan ma’lumotlar: 2020–2025-yillar (2025-yil – dastlabki ma’lumotlar). URL: https://api.siat.stat.uz/media/uploads/sdmx/sdmx_data_1208.pdf
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy statistika qo‘mitasi. Axborot va aloqa sohasidagi xizmatlarining o‘sish sur’ati (yillik). Toshkent, 2026. Foydalanilgan ma’lumotlar: 2020–2025-yillar (2025-yil – dastlabki ma’lumotlar). URL: https://api.siat.stat.uz/media/uploads/sdmx/sdmx_data_1224.pdf
Diouf, M. A., Perez, L. P., Simione, F. F., Viseth, A., Yao, J. A Conceptual Policy Framework for Leveraging Digitalization to Support Diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Paper WP/24/123. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 5–20.
International Monetary Fund. IMF Research Perspectives: New Technologies, Digitalization, and AI. Volume 26, Issue 001. Washington, DC: IMF, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–21.
Yang, Y., Ghazanchyan, M., Granados-Ibarra, S., Canavire-Bacarreza, G. Digitalization and Employment Gender Gaps during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. IMF Working Paper WP/24/12. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2024. Foydalanilgan sahifalar: 1–5, 12–27.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2020-yil 5-oktabrdagi “«Raqamli O‘zbekiston – 2030» strategiyasini tasdiqlash va uni samarali amalga oshirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi PF-6079-son Farmoni. Toshkent, 2020.
International Telecommunication Union. Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2025. Geneva: ITU, 2025. URL: https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/facts-figures-2025/
Machlup, F. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962. 416 p.
Porat, M. U. The Information Economy: Definition and Measurement. OT Special Publication 77-12(1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Telecommunications, 1977.
Tapscott, D. The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 342 p.
Castells, M. The Rise of the Network Society. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 597 p.
Solow, R. M. We’d Better Watch Out. New York Times Book Review, July 12, 1987, p. 36.
Brynjolfsson, E. The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology. Communications of the ACM, 1993, Vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 66–77.
Jorgenson, D. W., Stiroh, K. J. Raising the Speed Limit: U.S. Economic Growth in the Information Age. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2000, No. 1, pp. 125–211.
Oliner, S. D., Sichel, D. E. The Resurgence of Growth in the Late 1990s: Is Information Technology the Story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2000, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 3–22.
Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. M. Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2000, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 23–48.
Bresnahan, T. F., Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. M. Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, Vol. 117, No. 1, pp. 339–376.
Brynjolfsson, E., Rock, D., Syverson, C. The Productivity J-Curve: How Intangibles Complement General Purpose Technologies. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2021, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 333–372.
Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. 16th ed. Harlow: Pearson, 2020.
Bukht, R., Heeks, R. Defining, Conceptualising and Measuring the Digital Economy. Development Informatics Working Paper No. 68. Manchester: University of Manchester, 2017. 24 p.
Acemoglu, D., Restrepo, P. Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2019, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 3–30.
Ayupov, R. H., Boltaboyeva, G. R. Raqamli iqtisodiyot asoslari: darslik. Toshkent: Toshkent moliya instituti, 2020. 575 b.
Begalov, B. A., Abdullayev, M. K. Raqamli iqtisodiyot: darslik. Toshkent: Iqtisodiyot, 2023. 352 b.
Елисеева И. И., Юзбашев М. М. Общая теория статистики: учебник / под ред. И. И. Елисеевой. 5-е изд. Москва: Финансы и статистика, 2004. 656 с. (Ряды динамики: абсолютный прирост, темпы роста, средний темп роста.)
Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. Statistics for Business and Economics. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2017. (Geometric mean and average growth rate.)
United Nations, European Commission, IMF, OECD, World Bank. System of National Accounts 2008. New York: United Nations, 2009. Chapter 15: Price and volume measures.
Eurostat. Handbook on Prices and Volume Measures in National Accounts. 2016 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
