Erkin fazodagi optik aloqa kanallarida sintillyatsiyani kamaytirish uchun kuchaytirish koeffitsiyenti to‘yingan yarimo‘tkazgichli optik kuchaytirgichlar parametrlarini optimallashtirish
##semicolon##
yarimo‘tkazgichli optik kuchaytirgich; erkin fazodagi optik aloqa; atmosfera turbulentlig; skintillyatsiyani kamaytirish; kuchaytirish to‘yinganligi; parametrlarni optimallashtirish; bit xatolik darajasi; Gamma-Gamma turbulentlig modeliAbstrak
Atmosfera turbulentligidan kelib chiqadigan skintillyatsiya erkin fazodagi optik (FSO) aloqa tizimlarining ishonchli ishlashiga jiddiy to‘sqinlik qiladi. Ushbu hodisa qabul qilinayotgan optik signal intensivligining tasodifiy o‘zgarishlarini yuzaga keltirib, bit xatolik darajasi (BER) ko‘rsatkichlarini yomonlashtiradi va aloqa masofasini cheklaydi. Kuchaytirish to‘yinganligi rejimida ishlaydigan yarimo‘tkazgichli optik kuchaytirgichlar (SOA) skintillyatsiyani kamaytirish uchun istiqbolli qabul qiluvchi qurilmalar sifatida qaralmoqda, biroq ularning optimal ish parametrlarini aniqlash masalasi yetarlicha o‘rganilmagan. Ushbu ishda atmosfera turbulentligidagi FSO tizimlari uchun SOA parametrlarini optimallashtirish bo‘yicha keng qamrovli sonli tadqiqot taqdim etilgan. Kuchaytirish to‘yinganligi rejimida ishlaydigan SOA uchun tezlik tenglamalariga asoslangan model ishlab chiqildi va Gamma-Gamma turbulentlig modeli bilan birlashtirildi. Skintillyatsiya jarayonlari sindirish ko‘rsatkichi struktura parametri Cₙ² = 10⁻¹⁶ dan 10⁻¹³ m⁻²/³ gacha bo‘lgan diapazonda modellashtirildi. SOA ning qutblanish toki (50–200 mA), faol soha uzunligi (200–800 μm) va kirishdagi optik ulanish samaradorligi (0.5–0.9) parametrlarining ta’siri tizimli ravishda tahlil qilindi. Tizim samaradorligi skintillyatsiya indeksining kamayishi va BER yaxshilanishi orqali baholandi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, optimal SOA ish sharoitlari kuchli turbulentligida (Cₙ² = 10⁻¹⁴ m⁻²/³) skintillyatsiya indeksini 6.2 dB gacha kamaytirishi va BER 10⁻³ ga erishish uchun zarur quvvat yo‘qotilishini 8.5 dB dan 3.1 dB gacha pasaytirishi mumkin. SOA samaradorligiga eng katta ta’sir qiluvchi parametr qutblanish toki bo‘lib, undan keyin faol soha uzunligi keladi. Yuqori tok qiymatlarida kuchaytirilgan spontan emissiya (ASE) shovqini to‘yinganlik chuqurligini cheklaydi. Olingan natijalar SOA asosidagi FSO qabul qilgichlarini loyihalash uchun amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
##submission.citations##
N. J. Nzekwu, M. A. Fernandes, G. M. Fernandes, et al., "A comprehensive review of UAV-assisted FSO relay systems," Photonics, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 274, 2024.
M. A. Khalighi and M. Uysal, "Survey on free space optical communication: A communication theory perspective," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2231–2258, 2014.
L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media, 2nd ed. Bellingham, WA, USA: SPIE Press, 2005.
H. Kaushal and G. Kaddoum, "Optical communication in space: Challenges and mitigation techniques," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–96, 2017.
Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, and S. Rajbhandari, Optical Wireless Communications: System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2019.
M. A. Esmail, H. Fathallah, and M. S. Alouini, "Outage probability analysis of FSO links over foggy channel," IEEE Photon. J., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1–12, 2017.
H. Tang, C. Yang, L. Qin, et al., "A review of high-power semiconductor optical amplifiers in the 1550 nm band," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 17, p. 7326, 2023.
M. Abtahi, P. Lemieux, W. Mathlouthi, and L. A. Rusch, "Suppression of turbulence-induced scintillation in free-space optical communication systems using saturated optical amplifiers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 4966–4973, 2006.
K. Morito and S. Tanaka, "High-power semiconductor optical amplifier," in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., 2010, pp. 1–3.
Y.-Q. Hong, W.-H. Shin, and S.-K. Han, "Performance enhancement of gain saturated SOA based free space optical link using dual-wavelength transmission," Opt. Commun., vol. 446, pp. 134–140, 2019.
E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2002.
O. J. Bandele, P. Desai, M. S. Woolfson, and A. J. S. Phillips, "Saturation in cascaded optical amplifier free-space optical communication systems," IET Optoelectron., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 71–79, 2016.
M. J. Connelly, "Wideband semiconductor optical amplifier steady-state numerical model," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 439–447, 2001.
J.-L. Xiao and Y.-Z. Huang, "Numerical analysis of gain saturation, noise figure, and carrier distribution for quantum-dot semiconductor-optical amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 44, no. 5–6, pp. 448–455, 2008.
A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, "Modal gain, modal loss, and confinement factor in semiconductor lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1389–1395, 2004.
P. S. Henry, "Lightwave primer," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1862–1879, 1985.
T. Kamalakis, T. Sphicopoulos, and D. Syvridis, "Analysis of the performance of semiconductor optical amplifiers in optical communication systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1135–1145, 2005.
M. A. Al-Habash, L. C. Andrews, and R. L. Phillips, "Mathematical model for the irradiance probability density function of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media," Opt. Eng., vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1554–1562, 2001.
G. P. Agrawal and N. K. Dutta, Semiconductor Lasers, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.
L. A. Coldren and S. W. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1995.
D. M. Baney, P. Gallion, and R. S. Tucker, "Theory and measurement techniques for the noise figure of optical amplifiers," Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 122–154, 2000.
W. Mathlouthi, P. Lemieux, M. Salsi, et al., "Fast and efficient dynamic model of semiconductor optical amplifiers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1673–1681, 2008.
S. M. R. Motaghian Nezam, Y. W. Lee, and A. E. Willner, "Theoretical and experimental analysis of the impact of SOA gain saturation on optical signal-to-noise ratio," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 3263–3271, 2003.
